Electrochemical gas sensors

Electrochemical gas sensor is the use of the electrochemical activity of the sample gas , the electrochemical oxidation or reduction , and thus to distinguish gas composition, gas concentration detection . The more common types of primary batteries electrochemicalCrank Shaft Sensor type ( it works similar to a fuel cell ) , the constant potential electrolysis cell type ( mandatory role in the current work , is a coulometric type sensors ) and so on. Currently, the electrochemical Car Sensors to detect toxic and harmful gases the most common and most mature of the sensor. It features small size, low power consumption, good linearity and repeatability , resolution can generally achieve 0.1ppm, longer life expectancy. Deficiency is susceptible to interference , sensitivity influenced by temperature changes . Honeywell 's technology companies produced British cities for the detection of H 2 S 3HH electrochemical sensors , the measurement range 0 ~ 50ppm, the maximum allowable value 500ppm, a resolution of 0.1ppm, dimensions about OD 42mmX high 18mm, its main source of cross-interference with CO, SO2, NO, NO2, H2 , etc. Zirconia oxygen sensors are electrochemical Engine Temperature Sensors component analysis as a relatively late development , began to appear in the 1960s , and its working groups rationale is based on the principle of concentration cell by measuring the gas to be analyzed and the reference gas oxygen concentration due to the concentration differences resulting force , to measure the oxygen content of the gas to be analyzed . Because of its simple structure , reliable operation , high sensitivity , good stability , fast response , easy installation , etc., it developed rapidly. Often used in sulfuric acid, air separation , boiler combustion analysis of multi-component gas of oxygen and oxygen-containing molten metal determination and so on.

Gas sensors

The so-called gas sensor is used to detect whether a certain area in the presence of a specific gas and / or capable of continuous measurement of gas component concentration of the instrument. In the coal mine, petroleum, chemical, municipal, medical, transportation, family and other security aspects, commonly used in the detection of combustible gas sensor, combustible, toxic gases or existence, or oxygen consumption and so on. In the electric power industry and other manufacturing fields, but also quantitative measurement of flue Sensor Camshaft used in the concentration of each component to determine the combustion of harmful gas emissions and the like. Field of environmental monitoring in the atmosphere, the use of gas sensors determine environmental pollution situation, it is very common.

Thermal gas sensor

Thermal gas sensor are mainly thermal conductivity and thermal chemical formula of two categories. Thermal conductivity is the use of the thermal conductivity of the gas , through which the change in resistance of thermistor to measure the concentration of one or several gas components , and its application in the industry for several decades already , the type of meter more, to analyze gases are more widely used ( such as H2, CO2, SO2, NH3, Ar , etc. ) . Thermal chemical formula is based on the gas being analyzed chemical reaction heat effect , which widely used is gas, the oxidation reaction ( i.e. combustion ) , typically a catalytic combustion type Engine Coolant Temp Sensor, the key member is coated with a combustion catalyst Wheatstone bridge , the main for the detection of combustible gases, such as gas stations, gas plant is used to analyze the air CO, H2, C2H2 and other combustible gases , coal mine used to analyze the content of CH4 in the trenches , oil exploration vessels leak methane content of the scene , fuel and chemical raw materials storage warehouse or workshop materials analysis of oil vapor in the air , such as alcohol, ether vapor . U.S. RAE Systems produced FGM-3100 catalytic combustion of combustible gas detector , the sampling method is diffused , the detection accuracy of ± 2% of full scale , response time <15s. Catalytic combustion type gas Crankshaft Sensors The main advantage is that the response of all combustible gases broad spectrum, the ambient temperature , humidity insensitive to near-linear output signal , and its simple structure and low cost. But its main deficiency is low accuracy , high working temperature ( internal temperature up to 700 ~ 800 ℃), current consumption large , vulnerable sulfide, halogen compounds such as poisoning and other adverse effects .

Classification of gas sensors from detecting the type of gas

Classification of gas sensors from detecting the type of gas , the often divided into combustible gas sensor ( often using catalytic combustion , infrared, thermal conductivity , semiconductor type ) , toxic gas sensors ( generally using electrochemical , metal-semiconductor , photoionization , flame ionization type ), hazardous gas sensor ( often with infrared , ultraviolet , etc. ) , oxygen ( often using paramagnetic , zirconia ) and other type Camshaft Position Sensor; from the use of the instrument , into the portable and stationary ; obtained from the gas the way the sample is divided into diffuse ( i.e. sensor mounted directly on the object to be measured environment , the measured gas through natural diffusion in direct contact with Position Sensor element ) , suction ( suction pump is through the use of other means , to be tested gas is introduced into the Positioning Sensor sensing element detection. based on the measured gas is diluted , can be subdivided into full suction and dilution type, etc. ) ; from the analysis of gaseous components , and is divided into a single formula ( only for specific gas detection ) and compound of formula ( composition for simultaneous detection of multiple gases ) ; press Sensor detection principle , be divided into thermal , electrochemical , magnetic , optical , semiconductor type , such as gas chromatography type .

Transformation principle electromechanical vibration sensor

In general, the mechanical vibration sensor receiving principle , only relative or inertia type two, but in the electromechanical conversion , due to the different nature of transformation methods and their variety, extremely wide range of applications . In modern vibration measurement sensors used , is not the traditional concept of separate mechanical measuring device , it is only the entire measurement system in a part of , and with the subsequent electronics are closely related. Since Coolant Temp Sensor different internal electromechanical transformation principle , the output power is also different . Some of the changes in the amount converted into mechanical force , the charge changes , some changes in the mechanical vibration is converted into resistors, inductors and other electrical parameters changes. Generally , the charge and can not be directly subsequent display, recording , analysis instruments accepted . Therefore, electromechanical transformation principle for different sensors must be accompanied by specially equipped measuring circuit . Measuring circuit is the role of Cooling Temp Sensor output power becomes final follow-up show , analytical instruments generally acceptable voltage signal . Therefore, the vibration Position Sensoraccording to their function may have the following classification : according to the principle of mechanical Receive : Relative type, inertial ;
According to the principle of electromechanical conversion : electric , piezoelectric , eddy current , inductive , capacitive, resistive, photoelectric ; measured by the amount of machinery : displacement sensor, speed sensor

Piezoresistive pressure sensor bridge arm series and parallel resistors

Generally in the bridge arm piezoresistive pressure sensor or thermistor series and parallel resistors and other methods to achieve the already packaged piezoresistive pressure sensor temperature compensation. The drawback of this method is to be used only for the case of low precision. As compensation resistor and the pressure sensor Wheatstone bridge resistivity inconsistent test is also more difficult, so no matter what the temperature compensation methods can not achieve good results, for demanding applications such compensation is difficult to achieve. Therefore, Camshaft Position Sensor temperature compensation has been troubled by the user's problem, and also the research and production of pressure sensors is a key technical issue.Followed by the micro-pressure, low pressure sensor manufacturing technology and process is relatively high, are involved in manufacturing equipment is very expensive. Low rangeAutomotive Temperature Sensors market is now relatively small, expensive. In contrast, high pressure range sensor manufacturing costs are relatively low. Therefore, the micro-pressure, low pressure sensor accuracy and price is user concern.Finally, the pressure sensor wafer packaging technology has become a bottleneck in production. Therefore, the reliability of Crank Shaft Position Sensor package is user concern arises. Now more and more customers tend to choose capacitive pressure sensor.

Environmental control in the subway system piping temperature and humidity sensors

In the meantime, we can at the station's new air chamber and the return air duct temperature and humidity chamber mounted sensors to monitor the outdoor air and the temperature and humidity inside the station. Environmental control system according to the data collected byCar Temperature Sensor to determine the environmental quality of the station, and according to a variety of conditions pre-designed for automatic switch, automatic control system in order to achieve automatic control of the environment of the station, so that the station is always in a more environment comfortable environment, and ultimately achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. Pipeline temperature and Coolant Temperature Sensor is usually installed in the new and the return air plenum chamber walls. Thus, the temperature and humidity sensor usefulness in life more and more, it is not only in the station, greenhouse, file management and food industry has applied, is now in the subway environmental control system has also been adopted.

Environmental control in the subway system, the sensor is the indoor temperature and humidity sensor

We can order at the station concourse and platform areas and other public areas as well as important equipment room set indoor temperature and Crankshaft Positioning Sensor to monitor real-time temperature and humidity of the station. These parameters can help operational staff working conditions of various systems of the station to make reasonable adjustments to keep always in the public areas of the station more comfortable environment to ensure that the device has been in the right room temperature under. Indoor temperature and humidity sensors are generally mounted on the station concourse, platform and equipment room on the wall or on top.

Gas sensor performance requirements

Gas sensors are used to detect the ambient atmosphere (volume concentration) and thus are often exposed to the environment, the use of various components, which are sometimes very harsh working conditions (plus high temperature, humidity, etc.), sensitive materials will deteriorate over time, deteriorate the material surface adsorbate persist, its performance will decline. Thus requiring gas Crankshaft Positioning Sensor able to work under harsh environmental conditions. Then the performance of the conditions need to be met: 1, can selectively detect a single gas, while the other gases coexist is not responding or not sensitive; 2, the measured gas has a high sensitivity to detect the volume concentration ranges specified the gas; 3, the signal fast response, good reproducibility; 4, long-term job stability; 5, the manufacturing cost and the use of lower priced universal; six easy maintenance.So far fully meet the above requirements of the gas Engine Water Temperature Sensor is also difficult to achieve, but people are trying to take advantage of micro-computer technology as well as a combination of several gas sensors and pre-processing means perfect combination of gas sensor performance.

Intelligent Building choose what kind of sensor

Intelligent building projects also require the sensor, when the sensor is in the choice of a number of conditions need to find a suitable sensor, let's tell you about the intelligent building should choose what kind of sensor bar. Intelligent building, usually, the choice Car Temperature Sensor should consider the following aspects: First, test conditions: including measurement purposes, the physical characteristics of the test band width, measurement accuracy requirements, the time required for measurement requirements. Followed by the performance of the sensor performance: include accuracy, stability, response speed, output, and the loading effect produced by the measured object, the correction cycle, an input terminal protection. Finally, we also according to the conditions of use: The main venues, including setting the environmental conditions, like temperature, humidity, vibration, etc., the measuring time and the required power capacity, connectivity with other devices, spare parts and repair services. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, usually normal display to about 50% of full scale to the selected measuring range (or scale range). In short, the basic working principle of Crankshaft Sensor Replacement should be starting, note the measured object possible load effect, the sensor selection should not only meet the requirements and low prices. The detection device as an intelligent building, Car Temperature Sensor is used correctly handle the sensor output characteristic line elements of and compensation issues, interference problems. Sensors in intelligent building intelligent building control systems play a decisive role, clever use only the correct sensor in intelligent buildings in order to give full play to their value....

Disinfection apparatus of the pressure sensor

Autoclave or sterilize equipment is widely used in medical and food processing industries to achieve purification and non-toxic treatment, the most basic applications are pre-sterilized or garbage harmless treatment. Laboratory also used to create some of these disinfection equipment controlled environment to cultivate bacteria breeding experiments. Typically applications, commonly used four kinds of disinfection methods: steam sterilization, gas sterilization, disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection electronics. The steam sterilizationand disinfection gas, commonly usedtopressure Cooling Temperature Sensor forpressuremonitoring.Disinfection equipment size varies, some only the size of a microwave, and some have rooms are large, even larger. In the disinfection process, when the sterilization chamber is pressurized, the doors must be kept closed, and the pressure inside the sterilization chamber must be effectively monitored. In this application, Engine Water Temperature Sensor for monitoring the pressure inside the sterilization chamber, and after disinfection, the need to monitor the pressure value inside the sterilization chamber is returned to a safe range, thereby releasing the doors switch, to ensure safety opening doors.

Pressure Sensor disinfection equipment requirements

In steam sterilization, as the vapor pressure increases, the temperature inside the sterilization chamber can be increased, which requires the pressure sensor can withstand temperatures up to 125 ° C range, while, at high temperatures, in order to ensure the accuracy of measurement require pressure sensors were fully temperature zone temperature compensation. The disinfection process, the pressure changes can also cause vibration of the equipment, it also requires a certain degree of pressure Automotive Temperature Sensors vibration, impact resistance, also requires pressure sensor interface with the electrical interface between the good insulation properties.Autoclaves and steam and gas sterilization equipment is usually placed between a variety of large equipment, or in hospitals, or in some laboratories, these environments usually have a variety of oil and dust, even many chemical detergents, which requires pressure Motor sensor interface has some corrosion resistance, as well as the package has some sealing performance, it is dustproof and waterproof capabilities, such as to meet IP65 sealing standard or above.

Melt pressure sensor is installed which skills

Melt pressure sensors, mainly for high-temperature molten substance under the conditions of pressure measurement and control, and are widely used in chemical fiber plastic, spinning, polyester, rubber and plastics machinery and other equipment, high-temperature fluid medium pressure measurement and control, in the daily work plays an important role. However, during the installation process, but also need to master skills. 1, the melt pressure sensor installation to ensure proper installation hole left no metal objects or plastic extruder before cleaning up allCooling Temperature Sensor should be removed from the machine2, only when the polymer into the hot molten state to remove Crankshaft Sensor Replacement, remove immediately with a soft cloth to wipe the sensor probe diaphragm. 3, the melt pressure sensor diaphragm is the most easily damaged parts before installation Please do not fall off the protective cap while installing the same time we need to protect the sensor diaphragm. 4, the mounting hole machining according to mounting hole dimensions and size of the table of the technical requirements processing, to avoid non-standard mounting hole diaphragm abrasions caused by impact sensor is working properly. 5, in the installation process must pay attention to the portion of Car Temperature Sensor housing mounted fixed at room temperature environment. Isolated shell and high-temperature region is conducive to improve the sensor's measurement accuracy and service life. Learn melt pressure sensor is installed on our helpful, if you later need to install we encounter when we melt pressure sensor can be handy. Without cramming.

The difference between sensor and transmitter

Transmitters and sensors used are very broad, transmitters and sensorsclassification is varied, in fact, transmitters and sensors were also very large. The difference between the transmitter and the sensor by the requirement that Crank Shaft Position Sensor is able to be measured and according to certain rules to convert the output signal of the device or devices in general, usuallysensitivecomponents and conversion components. When Ect Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor output signal to the requiredstandard, then known as the transmitter. The concept of a non-standard transmitter signals into standard electrical signal instruments, sensors sucked physical signals into electrical signals of the device, used to say physical signals, and now other signals also. An instrument refers to the on-site measuring instruments or base control table, the second instrument signal refers to the use of a table to complete other functions: such as control, display and other functions of the instrument.

The sensor and transmitter are thermal instrumentation concept

The sensor and transmitter are thermal instrumentation concept. Sensors are the non-electric quantities such as temperature, pressure, level, material, gas characteristics into electrical signals or physical quantities such as the pressure, level, etc. directly to the transmitter. Transmitter is Crank Position Sensor to the weak signal amplification in order to transfer or start control components. Or to the non-power sensor input into electrical signals while amplifying remote measurement and control in order for the signal source. According to the analog can be converted into a digital value. Together constitute a sensor and transmitter control monitor signal source. Require different quantities of different Crank Shaft Position Sensor and the corresponding transmitter. There is also a transmitter is not a physical quantity into an electric signal, such as A boiler water level of the "pressure transmitter" he is to the lower level sensor in the water and steam condensate water through the upper portion of the instrument tube to the the transmitter side bellows, the bellows side of the differential to drive the mechanical amplification means a pointer indicating a distance meter level. Of course, there are quantitative replaced the electrical simulation can also be called the digital transmitter. These are just a conceptual description of the difference between the sensor and transmitter.

Torque sensor has gone through three stages

Torque sensor development has come a torque sensor development has gone a long time, the torque sensor performance is getting better , in fact, torque sensors can be divided into three stages, namely measurement technology generation, the first rotation torque sensors birth and modern Motor Position Sensor .The historical evolution of torque measurement technology , beginning in 1678 . In that year, Robert Hooke Hooke's law describes the well-known materials and related materials extending proportional relationship between tension . Bridge circuit , and the Hunter- Christie , the smallest change in voltage can be measured . However, the name of the inventor to switch second Wheatstone , the actual fame belongs Heng Teke view .The first rotary torque sensors and sensor measurement system in 1945 on the market it is based on the principle that if the bottom of the axial load torque , reversing an angle proportional to the torque . This angle measuring system can measure the angle .Modern torque Engine Temperature Sensor typically have an analog signal output. In these interfaces , the power module and the adjacent interference drive is possible, especially in the case in the past for the long feed lines and high dynamic , increasing the level of the sensor signal , the signal level of ± 5V and / or typically ± 10V.However, in many applications, anti-interference ability is not enough. The solution is a digital electronic Crank Shaft Sensor . Modern torque sensor , integrated electronics in the area of ​​the shaft , the above diameter reduction , is applied to the rotating part of the rotary transformer and the axis of rotation electron attachment .Torque sensor technology is still rapidly developing , believe that with the development of sensor technology , the torque sensor performance will also be further improved. Will further expand its scope of application .

A sensor measuring flying height of the three methods

Sensors in modern life and work in an increasingly important role to play , and is also very involved in a wide range of areas . For example, in the aviation field , use the sensor to measure altitude , which means, according to different measurement principles can measure the altitude of different definitions .1, the use of radio waves to measure the reflection characteristic approach altitude , the altitude is measured and converted to the time measurement. Electromagnetic wave propagation in the air, the speed of light c , and can hit the ground reflection . Thus , mounted on the aircraft radio transmitter emitting the electromagnetic wave to the ground , the plane antenna of the receiver by the time of receiving the reflected wave △ t , △ t can be measured based on the aircraft 's altitude H.2 aircraft by the acceleration Positioning Sensor to measure linear acceleration of ground motion perpendicular to measure altitude3 , measured by Camshaft Position Sensor to measure atmospheric parameters altitude , atmospheric pressure in the gravity field , atmospheric density were increased and decreased with altitude , although the variation of each different , but all have to follow the law , then, can through the sensor to measure atmospheric pressure or to indirectly measure the atmospheric density altitude .

The semiconductor gas sensor basic performance required

The semiconductor gas sensor basic performance required : real-time, that is, it is better dynamic performance ; repeatability , Crankshaft Sensor Replacement can be reused many times, and good stability and long service life ; selectivity , according to the desired required to measure the gas concentration , and is not affected by other gases and interference from other substances Semiconductor gas sensor applications is very broad , and its low cost, long life use , recovery time and relatively fast response time and high sensitivity , so its use is becoming increasingly common.

Introduction of a semiconductor gas sensor

When the semiconductor surface in contact with the test gas is formed when some of the physical properties of conductivity changes , it is the use of this principle to detect the gas . Acting between the gas and the semiconductor , when the change is formed on only the inner or deep into the semiconductor surface of the semiconductor , according to these two changes , it can be controlled into the body and the surface control type .The semiconductor Positioning Sensor is divided into the characteristic parameters of recovery time , the initial settling time , response time, resolution, sensitivity and resistance values ​​.Initial stabilization time : If the gas Crank Shaft Sensor in a long time not used , then it will surface adsorption of some gases in the air and water , it will change its surface state. After more than a negative charge , if the temperature rises , then the desorption of the gas sensor of the phenomenon will occur . So, if the gas sensor for a long time did not work, to revert to your normal working state , you need to wait for some time, which is called the gas sensor initial settling time.Recovery time : in work related temperatures measured in this component of the gas desorption top speed , usually from the measured gases and gas sensor away from each other when the start time, usually when it reaches the resistance in clean the resistance of the air being 63% of the time to stop time, this time period is the recovery time of gas sensor .

Sensor package points to note

Sensors involved in the life of the field is very wide, and as a sensor manufacturers and distributors, every day there are a large number of sensors to be sent to the customer , whether express or logistics, sensor packaging is very particular , overall there are some points to note1 , small size sensors are generally packed in small packing boxes . Packing box shape characteristics that meet sensor set off . In this case Crankshaft Position Sensor in transit is generally not easily damaged , so we can just add a large cardboard box can be assured issue .2 , size large sensor , particularly non -standard products. This is a very difficult thing . Because each sensor has outlet holes relative to the sensor mass is large , if Crankshaft Sensor package is improperly, the first outlet sensor is damaged . After this damage must be returned for repair so this is rather cumbersome . We in the packaging , be sure to choose a solid cardboard , in the case must be able to choose wooden boxes. To select the internal filler hard plastic foam . The sensor being fixed to the filler . Swing package reaches the sensor housing will not have to waver for the best.3, if the road farther , the sensor mass larger case , the sensor should be tied on the external box packing tape, so foolproof .

Low pressure sensor Intro

The low pressure sensor is a pressure sensor MEAS , the pressure sensors are widely used in medical equipment , vacuum gas measurement , pressure transmitters , tank level systems. Pressure sensor is a compensated , and the media is compatible with silicon piezoresistive sensor package structure 316 stainless steel shell . 316 stainless steel diaphragm through external pressure and internal filling silicone oil passes Crank Shaft Position Sensor sensitive element. Pressure sensors can be used in low voltage applications. Its range is generally 0-1, 5psi, the output signal is 0 ~ 100mV voltage signal , 1.5mA supply. Through the thick film resistors on ceramic substrate laser repair resistance, can be achieved on Crankshaft Sensor temperature compensation and 0:00 bias adjustment . Ceramic substrate also provides a laser trimmed resistors so that the sensor gain adjustment after external differential circuit amplifies the output value reached after reunification , and controlled within + / -1% interchangeable range. Unlike other general application of the pressure sensor pressure sensor less extensive , but it is very suitable for low-pressure environment, so for low ambient pressure sensor we can consider using about 82 -type pressure sensor.

Ball-type load cell mounting base form

For the fixed base load cell installation forms, the installation will be placed in three fixed gear sensor column. Requires little in the temperature range of the occasion, its advantage is to improve the stability of the scale body, and easy installation. To prevent large current flowing through the sensor, the sensor should be installed between the load circuit sheet, to prevent the accidental large current flows and to burn. Even so, the need for large welding is best from the pressure Crank Sensor removed until after the end of a few for the load cell installed.Balls and other moving parts should be kept sliding freely, there should be stuck, corrosion and other phenomena. Pressure head by 20mm thick chromium steel, pressure head to be processed into a circular bottom, the radius of Crankshaft Position Sensor more than three times the radius of the dome, and should be heat treated to increase hardness indenter. Application of the fixed plate 45 made ​​of steel having a thickness of not less than 20mm, the levelness of the installation should not exceed ± °. Ball-type load cell mounting base form, the installation will place it in the floor with a concave notch.

Causes tension sensor failure

About the tension sensor problem many customers buy frequently may encounter, tension sensor failure and problems in the market directly after buying a new replacement, put something directly after use. So why is there tension sensor failures and problems we all know what the reasons are you, today to introduce tension sensor for the big reason for failure.Often such a problem, the customer will complain tension sensor quality, in fact, is not the problem but the quality of the sensor you are using the force Position Sensor when no attention to critical issues.People may tend to ignore this problem is to buy back the new force sensor is not directly used to calibrate. This is not correct, replace the tension sensor should be used after standard weights or ring dynamometer correct their accuracy to within the standard error control, rather than a change over. Tension sensor is a mechanical Crank Position Sensor is to perceive certain physical, chemical, biological, and other information into easy to detect, process information, and having individual functions, components or assemblies.Usually sensitive components and processing circuitry of two parts. The former perform sensing functions, the latter sensor information output amplification and transmission processing. Tension sensor according to the different appearance and functionality can be divided into S-type tension sensor, column force sensor, force sensor plate ring, hook scale sensors, pull pressure sensors.Force sensor is a device a very important part of the application. Good quality tension sensor measurement accuracy will be more accurate, error control within the scope of the standard. So tension sensor quality is very important for us at the time of purchase is not necessarily a good thing to choose expensive, often we must pass parameters compared precise selection, select an appropriate application of the force sensor is the most important

The function of throttle position sensor

Various types of automotive throttle Shaft Position Sensor (Throttle Position Sensor, TPS) are mounted on the throttle shaft in the throttle body at one end, and its function is the throttle valve opening degree (i.e., the engine load) into an electrical signal input after size ECU , ECU according to the throttle position signal discriminating engine operating conditions, such as idling condition, part-load conditions, such as high load conditions, and according to different engine operating conditions on the concentration of the mixture needs to control fuel injection time. In the electronically controlled automatic transmission equipped with a car, TPS input signal in addition to the engine ECU, the transmission electronic control unit are also entered (ECT. ECU), for determining the transmission shift timing and the timing of the main converter lockup signal a.

Magnetic induction throttle position sensor

Philips company produced KMZ43T is a nickel-iron magnetic alloy film by the magnetoresistive element made ​​of, its interior includes two separate Wheatstone bridge, two bridges relative mechanical angle of 45. When the magnetic field in the XY coordinate plane is rotated, the plane will produce two independent output signals, respectively, with the function + sin (2a) and a + COS (2a) that, a field indicates Camshaft Position Sensor and the relative angle. Unlike KMz4l KMZ43T need 100kA / m magnetic field generated by the high saturation work, which can be a low magnetic field conditions, high precision angle measurements.

What direction sensor applications

What direction sensor applications ? Today we are mainly concerned about the four aspects of sensor applications , machinery manufacturing, medical devices, automotive electronics, communications , etc. , the general application of these four aspects is the largest sensor , the recent penetration of the industry is more and more. In the machinery manufacturing, industrial applications of sensors, such as process control , industrial machinery as well as traditional ; various measurement process variables such as temperature , level, pressure , flow , etc. ; measuring electrical characteristics and physical quantities , as well as the traditional approach / positioning Engine Temp Sensor developed rapidly. Medical equipment , special equipment including medical care, environmental protection, meteorology and other fields of professional electronic equipment. Currently the medical field is the sensor huge sales , lucrative emerging markets. Automotive electronics industry, modern limousine electronic level control system is the key to using pressure sensors on the number and level of an ordinary family car is currently installed on approximately tens to hundreds of sensors only , and requires Crankshaft Position Sensor to small , low cost and high reliability direction. In communications , mobile phones substantial growth in production and new features to the sensor market continues to increase opportunities and challenges, color screen mobile phone and camera phone market share increased Position Sensors rising proportion of applications in this field . In addition, PBX and cordless phones used in ultrasonic sensors for magnetic storage medium, a magnetic field sensor so will appear strong growth . These aspects are the most widely used sensor , the sensor is mainly sold in these industries , but with the development of sensors , a lot of industry is also actively developing use of sensors , such as some consumer industries, such as shoes, jogging installed sensors installed on the wrist pulse sensors. Many new sensors are widely used by open access .

Optional temperature and humidity sensors , using skills summary

Temperature and humidity is a fundamental physical quantity , nature and all the processes are all closely related to temperature and humidity . TemperatureSensor Development earliest and most widely used of a class of sensors. Temperature sensor can be divided into three types: traditional discrete sensors, such as thermocouples , thermistors, thermal diode , etc. as well as analog integrated sensors . Wave interaction with matter under the law , have been born acoustic temperature sensors, laser sensors, infrared Shaft Position Sensor and microwave Crank Position Sensors, sensor network of experts also offers a variety of temperature and humidity sensors and sensor solutions related to , the following briefly introduce temperature and humidity sensor the purchase and use of skills. Humidity sensors and humidity measurements are 90 years the rise of the industry. How to use a good humidity sensor , how to determine the humidity sensor performance, which for the average user is concerned, is still a more complex technical issues.

Automobile Temperature Sensor Sensors: automatic transmission torque converter failure Driving jitter

For vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions , the lock-up clutch failure on the vehicle will have a huge impact . The lock-up clutch of the common faults are: lock-up clutch does not engage , can not be separated , poor bonding and slippage . Its symptoms varied, so grasp it works , characteristics and failure analysis method is very important. Maintenance personnel have been to a 1996 Ford Windstar models cars. When the vehicle is in the middle and high speed vehicles jitter , feels like engine shake and commit the same seat . According to the car speakers this fault has been repaired in several other repair shop , replacement parts on the engine a lot , but the symptoms point is not improved. First, the road test , the vehicle 40-80km / h between the irregularly appear jitter. First testing the engine , but no failure. At this time considerations may be caused by other factors . Then connect the computer to read the data stream detector , found that when the lock-up clutch (tcc) bonding , especially when connected to Taiwan to 40 % -60 % of the time , the vehicle will appear jitter. Thereby determine the fault is caused by a bad combination tcc . But bad turn, end table which part is causing it ? Fault may lie electronically controlled , hydraulic and mechanical systems which part . Of course, there are some special circumstances, such as when the throttle is closed, apply the brakes , acceleration or deceleration , shift , oil temperature below 60 ℃ Rotary temperature is too high and gear in the following block 3 , etc., because these time lock the clutch is engaged . Lockup clutch engagement and disengagement by a computer (pcm) via lock-up clutch (tcc) between solenoid controlled . Computer according to the throttle Automobile Temperature Sensor , speed sensor , a turbine axis sensor , gear, shift time and the brake switch signal is analyzed to provide tcc solenoid duty cycle signal , changing the tcc solenoid valve opening degree , thereby controlling operation of the clutch . For the tcc 's work, the computer is the engine speed and the turbine shaft ( input shaft ) to monitor the speed difference . When the lock-up clutch does not operate , the engine speed should be greater than the turbine shaft speed 200-300r/min; the lockup clutch engagement process, the speed difference between the two should be gradually reduced ; when the lockup clutch is fully engaged , the two speed difference should be essentially zero . Therefore, by observing the engine speed and the turbine speed ( input shaft speed ) to determine the difference between the clutch state and the good or bad . In determining the number of lock-up clutch is not engaged or when a fault can not be separated , can be connected to the transmission detector (a kind of the solenoid valve can control the working detection tool ) , disconnect the computer control of the transmission , clutch control solenoid valve artificially work , in order to determine the control part of the fault , or to perform part of the fault . If artificially controlled clutch solenoid valve work the problem persists , indicating that the electronic control part is no problem. If the fault lies in the electric control part , you should first check the influence of the work tcc signals provided by each sensor is normal, then check whether pcm signal at each Crank Sensor to work properly , the final check wire connections are good. On the hydraulic part of the fault can be determined by measuring the hydraulic pressure . So this car gearbox oil pressure test carried out . Road test , jitter occurs when engaging in tcc and found no oil pressure fluctuations and anomalies. To further determine if this part is faulty hydraulic transmission , fold down the valve and install test template , using compressed air to be tested. The results show the various hydraulic valves and valve body tcc oil works well , the hydraulic part of the fault can be basically ruled out the possibility . As for the mechanical part , unable to disassemble , so only through the exclusion of other aspects of the failure to determine. Through the above aspects of the testing and analysis, maintenance personnel may only determine the fault lies in the mechanical part , i.e., the torque converter lock-up clutch . Here to remind the majority of maintenance personnel , inability to disassemble the torque converter , so it should be noted that the transmission torque converter maintenance cleaning problems and prevent foreign matter from entering and damaging the torque converter lock-up clutch . For oil drain plug torque converter , when found oil has changed , it should open the drain plug , use new oil repeatedly washed ; no drain plug for the torque converter , you can use high-pressure air inversion method of cleaning

Gas sensor Principle and purpose

Gas sensor , is the use of a variety of chemical , physical effects of the gas composition, the concentration of certain laws into electrical output of the device. With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology , research and development of gas sensors has drawn increasing attention, various gas sensors emerged. Integrated gas sensor applications , mainly the following purposes: Toxic and combustible gas detectionToxic and combustible gas detection is the largest market for gas Shaft Position Sensor  . Mainly used in petroleum , mining, semiconductor industry and mining enterprises and in the family environment, detection and control. In the petroleum, petrochemical, mining industry, hydrogen sulfide , carbon monoxide, chlorine , methane and hydrocarbons are the main detection of combustible gases. The most important in the semiconductor industry is the detection of phosphorus , arsenic, and silanes. Families mainly gas and LPG leak detector and whether ventilation. Combustion gas Motor Sensors control is another important automotive market. Oxygen sensor used to detect and control the engine air-fuel ratio , the combustion process optimization. In large industrial boilers with a combustion process using gas sensor controls to improve combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust emissions and save energy. Gas sensor can also be used to detect a car or emissions from the chimney . These emissions include carbon dioxide , sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Food and beverage processing in the food and beverage processing, sulfur dioxide sensor is a very useful device . Sulphur dioxide used in many food and beverage preservation and testing, to contain specific taste and flavor to keep the minimum required concentration of sulfur dioxide . In addition , gas sensors are also used to detect wine, beer, wine fermented sorghum to ensure product uniformity and reduce costs.

Magnetic induction throttle position sensor

Philips company produced KMZ43T is a nickel-iron magnetic alloy film by the magnetoresistive element made ​​of , its interior includes two separate Wheatstone bridge , two bridges relative mechanical angle of 45 . .When the magnetic field in the XY coordinate plane is rotated, the plane will produce two independent output signals , respectively, with the function + sin (2a) and a + COS (2a) that , a field indicates the position Engine Temp Sensor and the relative angle. Unlike KMz4l KMZ43T need 100kA / m magnetic field generated by the high saturation work , which can be a low magnetic field conditions, high precision angle measurements .

Modular throttle position sensor

( A ) structural features modular TPSToyota used cars combined throttle position sensor as shown in Figure 2-35a , the principle of the circuit shown in Figure 2-35b . It mainly consists of a variable resistor and the sliding contacts , throttle shaft , idle contact , shell composition . Variable resistor film resistor formed on Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor board , the variable resistor wiper rotates together with the throttle shaft , sliding arm connected to the output terminal VTA ( 2 ) Combined Combined TPS TPS output characteristics of the output characteristics shown in Figure 2-36 . When the throttle is closed or opening is less than 1.2 . When the idle contact is closed, its output terminal IDL output low (0V); when the throttle opening is greater than 1.2 . When the idle contact is disconnected , the output terminal IDL output high (5V). When the throttle opening change , the variable resistor wiper will immediately rotate the throttle shaft , will be in sliding contact arm slides on film resistor , the sensor output terminal VTA and E, the signal voltage between the ensuing change , as shown in Figure 2-35 , the greater the throttle opening degree , the higher output voltage . The linear sensor output signal after A / D converter into a digital signal and then enter the ECU.

Contact switch type throttle position sensor

( A ) structural features contact switch type TPS Throttle Position Sensor type contact switch (TPS) mainly by the throttle shaft , heavy duty contacts [ also known as power contacts (PSW)], cams, idle contact (IDL ) and wiring socket components. The cam follower throttle shaft , the throttle shaft with the rotation of the throttle opening degree size . ( 2 ) contact switch type TPS output characteristics of the contact switch type throttle position sensor output characteristic shown in Figure 2-34 . When the throttle is closed , idle contact is closed , the power contacts (PSW) is disconnected, idle contact output terminal of the signal is low , " 0" , the power contacts (PSW) output terminal of the signal is high Ping "l". ECU receives two input signals TPS , if the vehicle speed Engine Temperature Sensors input signal indicates the ECU speed is zero , then the ECU determines the engine is idling and increased fuel injector fuel injection quantity control to ensure stable engine idle speed without stalling . If at this time the ECU speed Crank Shaft Position Sensor input signal indicates the speed is not zero , then the ECU determines the engine is decelerating state and control fuel injection is stopped to reduce emissions and improve economy . When the throttle opening increases , the cam shaft with the throttle open and the top contact idle , power contacts (PSW) is left open , IDL terminal outputs HIGH "1", PSW pin output is also high level "1 ." Two high-level ECU receives the signal, it is determined that the engine is part of the load state where the ECU based on the crankshaft sensor signal and the air flow speed signal calculated and determined amount of fuel injection , the engine main guarantee economy and emissions performance. When nearly all of the throttle opening ( 80% load) , the cam rotation of the power contacts (PSW) is closed , PSW terminal outputs low level "0", IDL kept open and the output terminals of the high level "1 ." ECU receives the two signals, it is determined that the engine running at high load condition , thereby controlling the fuel injector to increase fuel injection quantity, to ensure sufficient engine output power , it will be called the power contacts contact a large load . When full throttle , ECU will control the system into open-loop control mode, then do not use the oxygen sensor signal. If the car air conditioner is working at this time , then the ECU will interrupt the air conditioner main relay signal for approximately 15s, to cut off the electromagnetic clutch coil current conditioner , the air conditioning compressor is stopped, increasing the engine output power, increase the power of the car .

Cold start timer switch works

When the engine is cold state , the timer switch contacts are closed . When a cold start , the ignition switch is in the start position , the starter power supply terminal , a current flows . Current from the battery through the ignition switch, cold start injector , timer switch bimetal , contacts, ground to form a loop , so that the cold start injector nozzle . At the same time , but also a current flowing through the timer switches the heating coil , two heating coils to heat the bimetal , which is bent when opening Camshaft Position Sensor contacts , the cold start injector to stop fuel injection. After starting , the starter switch is turned off , the ignition switch from the starting position to the open position , no current flows through the cold start injector, to stop fuel injection. Meanwhile, the two heating coils are turned off , but this time the engine is in a warm state , which temperature rises enough to bend the bimetal , the contacts are open, that is the normal operation of the engine , the cold start injector time switch contacts remain disconnected state, not the cold start injector fuel injection . Car manufacturers are based on its own design requirements of the cold start injector time switch operating temperature , such as Nissan series of 18 ℃ below , Toyota series is below 35 ℃ . The lower the temperature , the cold start injector working longer . Injector cold start fuel injection valve opening time depends on the length of time .

Principles and Applications of sapphire pressure sensor

The use of strain gauges working principle, the use of silicon - sapphire as semiconductor sensitive element, with unparalleled metrological characteristics. Department of the sapphire single crystal insulator elements, hysteresis does not occur, fatigue and creep; sapphire be strong than silicon, higher hardness, deformation afraid; sapphire has a very good Engine Cooling Temperature Sensor flexibility and insulation properties (1000 OC or less), therefore, the use of silicon - sapphire manufactured semiconductor sensitive element is not sensitive to temperature change, even in high temperature conditions, but also has good operating characteristics; sapphire strong anti-radiation properties; Further, silicon - sapphire semiconductor sensitive element, without pn drift, Therefore, fundamentally simplifies the manufacturing process, improve repeatability, ensuring high yield.

diffused silicon pressure sensor principle and application

Measured media pressure directly on Engine Temperature Sensors diaphragm ( stainless steel or ceramic ) , the diaphragm will produce medium pressure proportional to the micro-displacement , the sensor's resistance to change , and the use of electronic circuit detects this change and a conversion output of the pressure corresponding to the standard measurement signal.
Schematics

Principle and application of ceramic pressure sensor

Corrosion-resistant ceramic pressure sensor is not the transmission fluid pressure directly on the front surface of the ceramic diaphragm , the diaphragm will produce a slight deformation , thick film resistors printed on the back of the ceramic diaphragm , connected into a Wheatstone bridge (closed bridge ) , the piezoresistive effect varistor , so that the bridge is proportional to the pressure to generate a highly linear , the excitation voltage is proportional to the voltage signal , the standard signal calibration according to different pressure range of 2.0 / 3.0 / 3.3 mV / V , etc., can be compatible and strain sensors . By laser calibration, Coolant Temp Sensor  has high temperature stability and time stability , the sensor comes with temperature compensation 0 ~ 70 ℃, and the vast majority of the media can be in direct contact .
Ceramic is a recognized high elasticity, resistance to corrosion, abrasion , impact and vibration of the material. Characteristics and thermal stability of the ceramic thick film resistor can make its working temperature range up to -40 ~ 135 ℃, and a measurement of high precision and high stability. Electrical insulation level > 2kV, the output signal is strong , long-term stability . High characteristics, low price ceramic Position Sensor  will be the development direction of the pressure sensor in the United States and Europe have a comprehensive alternative to other types of sensors trend in China , more and more users to use ceramic sensor replacement diffused silicon pressure sensor.

Gas sensor detection principle

Detect the concentration of gas depends on the gas detection transmitter , the sensor is the core part , in accordance with the detection principle different, mainly divided metal oxide semiconductor sensors , catalytic combustion Camshaft Position Sensor , gas sensor constant potential electrolysis , Buddha Galvani battery oxygen sensor , infrared sensor , PID photoionization sensor , etc. Following is a brief overview of the principles and characteristics of various sensors .

Automotive Sensors: automatic transmission torque converter failure Driving jitter

For vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions , the lock-up clutch failure on the vehicle will have a huge impact . The lock-up clutch of the common faults are: lock-up clutch does not engage , can not be separated , poor bonding and slippage . Its symptoms varied, so grasp it works , characteristics and failure analysis method is very important. Maintenance personnel have been to a 1996 Ford Windstar models cars. When the vehicle is in the middle and high speed vehicles jitter , feels like engine shake and commit the same seat . According to the car speakers this fault has been repaired in several other repair shop , replacement parts on the engine a lot , but the symptoms point is not improvedFirst, the road test , the vehicle 40-80km / h between the irregularly appear jitter. First testing the engine , but no failure. At this time considerations may be caused by other factors . Then connect the computer to read the data stream detector , found that when the lock-up clutch (tcc) bonding , especially when connected to Taiwan to 40 % -60 % of the time , the vehicle will appear jitter. Thereby determine the fault is caused by a bad combination tcc . But bad turn, end table which part is causing it ? Fault may lie electronically controlled , hydraulic and mechanical systems which part . Of course, there are some special circumstances, such as when the throttle is closed, apply the brakes , acceleration or deceleration , shift , oil temperature below 60 ℃ Rotary temperature is too high and gear in the following block 3 , etc., because these time lock the clutch is engaged .Lockup clutch engagement and disengagement by a computer (pcm) via lock-up clutch (tcc) between solenoid controlled . Computer according to the throttle position sensor , speed sensor , a turbine axis sensor , gear, shift time and the brake switch signal is analyzed to provide tcc solenoid duty cycle signal , changing the tcc solenoid valve opening degree , thereby controlling operation of the clutch . For the tcc 's work, the computer is the engine speed and the turbine shaft ( input shaft ) to monitor the speed difference . When the lock-up clutch does not operate , the engine speed should be greater than the turbine shaft speed 200-300r/min; the lockup clutch engagement process, the speed difference between the two should be gradually reduced ; when the lockup clutch is fully engaged , the two speed difference should be essentially zero . Therefore, by observing the engine speed and the turbine speed ( input shaft speed ) to determine the difference between the clutch state and the good or bad . In determining the number of lock-up clutch is not engaged or when a fault can not be separated , can be connected to the transmission detector (a kind of the solenoid valve can control the working detection tool ) , disconnect the computer control of the transmission , clutch control solenoid valve artificially work , in order to determine the control part of the fault , or to perform part of the fault . If artificially controlled clutch solenoid valve work the problem persists , indicating that the electronic control part is no problem. If the fault lies in the electric control part , you should first check the influence of the work tcc signals provided by each Camshaft Position Sensor is normal, then check whether pcm signal at each Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor to work properly , the final check wire connections are good On the hydraulic part of the fault can be determined by measuring the hydraulic pressure . So this car gearbox oil pressure test carried out . Road test , jitter occurs when engaging in tcc and found no oil pressure fluctuations and anomalies. To further determine if this part is faulty hydraulic transmission , fold down the valve and install test template , using compressed air to be tested. The results show the various hydraulic valves and valve body tcc oil works well , the hydraulic part of the fault can be basically ruled out the possibility .As for the mechanical part , unable to disassemble , so only through the exclusion of other aspects of the failure to determine. Through the above aspects of the testing and analysis, maintenance personnel may only determine the fault lies in the mechanical part , i.e., the torque converter lock-up clutch .Here to remind the majority of maintenance personnel , inability to disassemble the torque converter , so it should be noted that the transmission torque converter maintenance cleaning problems and prevent foreign matter from entering and damaging the torque converter lock-up clutch . For oil drain plug torque converter , when found oil has changed , it should open the drain plug , use new oil repeatedly washed ; no drain plug for the torque converter , you can use high-pressure air inversion cleaning method .

Gas sensor Principle and purpose

Gas sensor , is the use of a variety of chemical , physical effects of the gas composition, the concentration of certain laws into electrical output of the device. With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology , research and development of gas sensors has drawn increasing attention, various gas sensors emerged. Integrated gas sensor applications , mainly the following purposes Toxic and combustible gas detectioToxic and combustible gas detection is the largest market for gas sensors . Mainly used in petroleum , mining, semiconductor industry and mining enterprises and in the family environment, detection and control. In the petroleum, petrochemical, mining industry, hydrogen sulfide , carbon monoxide, chlorine , methane and hydrocarbons are the main detection of combustible gases. The most important in the semiconductor industry is the detection of phosphorus , arsenic, and silanes. Families mainly gas and LPG leak detector and whether ventilationCombustion control The automotive industry is another important market for gas sensors . Oxygen sensor used to detect and control the engine air-fuel ratio , the combustion process optimization. In large industrial boilers with a combustion process using gas sensor controls to improve combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust emissions and save energy. Gas Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor can also be used to detect a car or emissions from the chimney . These emissions include carbon dioxide , sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Food and beverage processingIn the food and beverage processing , sulfur dioxide Crankshaft Position Sensoris a very useful device . Sulphur dioxide used in many food and beverage preservation and testing, to contain specific taste and flavor to keep the minimum required concentration of sulfur dioxide . In addition , gas sensors are also used to detect wine, beer, wine fermented sorghum to ensure product uniformity and reduce costs.Medical diagnosis Patient status of available gas Crank Position Sensor diagnostic tests, such as bad breath test , carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the blood testing.Table 1 illustrates the major gas sensors detect gases and applications. A wide variety of gas sensors , space is limited, impossible to describe . This part describes the applications more widely , there are certain production capacity of domestic gas sensor , which is a semiconductor gas sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, gas sensors and contactless thermal conductivity gas sensor . For other gases in Optical sensors ,

Car air conditioning vent

When the air temperature outside the car when the temperature drops, the temperature inside the car also decreases-ΔT, assuming this descent outside temperature sensor resistance caused by the increase in amplitude of + ΔR, the bridge is unbalanced state and VA> VB; comparison OP2 conduction, the DVH double-start method, the vacuum pump push rod upward, the variable resistor can change the direction of reduction, the damper to rotate the heater to increase. When the interior temperature rise + ΔT, ie changes in room temperature is zero, the system reaches equilibrium. Interior air temperature and sunlight change temperature control system computer computer temperature controlled automotive air conditioning system, not only in accordance with the needs of members of the wind blowing the optimum temperature, and can be adjusted according to wind speed and air volume; changing the compressor running, even self-diagnostic function blower control theory computer by calculating, comparing the set temperature indicated by the temperature Shaft Position Sensor resistor with resistance inside, outside temperature Crank Position Sensor resistance, the outlet temperature sensor resistance and sunshine, energy correction resistor resistance of a judgment accordingly issued various instructions to the implementing agencies, perform the appropriate action by the executive agencies. Hyundai computer-controlled actuators are no longer using electronic vacuum valve and vacuum motor to manipulate the various function keys and temperature keys, but through the various parts of the computer-controlled servo motor. Through the touch of a button to a variety of computer input signal, the computer calculation and analysis, comparison issued a directive, the corresponding circuit connected to the servo motor rotation, open the appropriate outlet damper and adjust the temperature, according to the input temperature, temperature control damper position.

Artifacts in museums , archives management application

This is the temperature and humidity sensor applications is another area . Paper files in the appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity can store some more time , and once the temperature and humidity conditions, the paper will be brittle destruction , important information will subsequently gone, the archives of temperature and humidity recording is necessary, can prevent accidents from happening. Using the temperature and humidity Engine Water Temperature Sensor temperature and humidity recording work will be simplified and will also save the cost of cultural relics preservation , to make this work to be scientific, not subjected to excessive anthropogenic disturbances .

Temperature and humidity sensor applications which

Temperature and humidity sensor applications whichHumidity sensor applications in many areas, especially in the real time recording temperature and humidity changes in the work of the most widely used. Temperature and humidity Crank Position Sensor can be based on the recorded content, its scientific and effective management, analysis and induction. First, in the museum artifacts, the use of two aspects of file management, the use of the vaccine cold chain in three experiments in the use of four building materials, agriculture and animal husbandry in the use of five, in the use of food storage and transportation

Soil temperature and humidity sensors for agricultural production

I do not know there is no kind of greenhouses around, greenhouses which are wall-mounted temperature sensor, use it to protect maintain the temperature and humidity in greenhouses, is to allow the plants to grow better, but the temperature is not enough light use , she also need suitable soil temperature and humidity, how to make sure that the soil temperature and humidity it, here's a look at to measure soil temperature and humidity are generally use a plug-in temperature and humidity sensors, of course, this plug-in temperature and humidity sensors and we usually refer to industrial plug-in temperature and humidity sensors are different. Average soil temperature and humidity sensor inserted relatively small, and the industrial use of different temperature and humidity sensors, soil temperature and humidity Crankshaft Position Sensor generally has several probes, and the probe length is not the same, so in order to better measure the soil at different depths temperature and humidity. Soil temperature and humidity Position Sensor are generally good corrosion resistance, because of the need often inserted into the soil, so the soil temperature and humidity sensor probes typically use 316 L special steel. With the country now have the importance of agriculture, soil temperature and humidity will further be adopted to serve agriculture, of course, now the soil temperature and humidity sensor price is very expensive, generally require thousands or even tens of thousands of prices, so that only relatively large farms will be used, along with the further development of sensor technology has been made ​​of new materials, soil temperature and humidity sensor prices fell just around the corner, which will inevitably promote the temperature and humidity sensors to small self-employed. Soil temperature and moisture will use its good performance to serve agricultural production.

The humidity sensor performance in several ways to make a preliminary judgment

In actual humidity sensor calibration difficult circumstances, through a number of easy ways for humidity sensor performance judgment and inspection. Consistency test, the same type, the same manufacturer humidity Car Temperature Sensor preferably a purchase two or more products, the more illustrative, energized together comparator detects the output value, in a relatively stable condition, the consistency of observed test. If further testing, within 24h intervals between records within a day generally have high, medium and low three kinds of humidity and temperature conditions can be more comprehensive view of product consistency and stability, including temperature compensation feature. Breathe through your mouth, or use other means of Engine Water Temperature Sensor humidification humidification, observe its sensitivity, reproducibility, up off the wet wet performance, and resolution, the highest range of products and so on. Right product for the open box and closed box two cases tested. Comparison is consistent, the situation observed thermal effects. The product at high temperature and low temperature (according to the instructions standard) to be tested and restored to the normal state of the record before the experiment to detect and compare the test product temperature adaptability, and observe the product consistency condition. The performance of the final product quality inspection departments should be based on regular comprehensive means test. Using saturated salt solution for calibration, brand-name products can also be used for comparison testing, the product should be carried out during long-term use of a more comprehensive long-term calibration to determine the quality of the humidity sensor

Humidity sensor supply

Humidity sensor power metal oxide ceramics , polymers , and the moisture sensitive material such as lithium chloride, DC voltage is applied , it will cause performance changes , or even failure , so this type of humidity sensor can not be a DC voltage or AC voltage with DC component . Must be AC powered . Interchangeability Currently , the humidity sensor widespread phenomenon of poor interchangeability , the same types of Crankshaft Position Sensor are not interchangeable , seriously affecting the results, to maintenance, commissioning increased the difficulty , some manufacturers have made in this regard the efforts ( but interchangeability is still very poor ) and achieved good results . Humidity correction correction correction temperature and humidity is much more difficult than that . Temperature calibration is often used as a standard to a standard thermometer and humidity calibration standards difficult to achieve , wet and dry bulb thermometer and hygrometer some common pointer can not be used for calibration , the accuracy can not be guaranteed , because of its environmental requirements very strict conditions , in general , ( preferably under suitable conditions humidity ) in the absence of the test sound device, usually a saturated salt solution with a simple testing method and measure its temperature.

Humidity sensor temperature coefficient

Humidity sensor temperature coefficient of humidity in addition to the humidity sensitive element , but is also sensitive to temperature , the temperature coefficient is generally 0.2 ~ 0.8% RH / ℃ range, and some of the humidity sensor at different relative humidities , the temperature Coefficient another difference. Linear drift , which requires increase in the circuit temperature compensated . Using SCM software compensation , with or without temperature compensation of the humidity Engine Coolant Temp Sensor is not guarantee the accuracy of the whole temperature range , humidity sensor drift curve linearization directly affect the compensation effect of nonlinear drift compensation is often no better results only use hardware temperature compensation will obtain the true follower of the compensation effect. Humidity sensor operating temperature range is also an important parameter . Most humidity sensor is difficult to work in more than 40 ℃ .

Accuracy and long term stability

Accuracy and long term stability of the humidity sensor accuracy should reach ± 2% ~ ± 5% RH, reached this level is difficult to use as measuring instruments , humidity sensors to achieve ± 2% ~ ± 3% RH accuracy is more difficult , usually given in the product data characteristics at room temperature (20 ℃ ± 10 ℃) and the clean gas measurement . In actual use, due to dust, oil and of harmful gases , use over time , will produce aging, loss of precision level of accuracy of the humidity Camshaft Sensors is combined with its long-term stability to judge , in general , and the use of long-term stability humidity sensors that affect the quality of life a top issue , the annual shift of control in 1% RH level products rarely , usually in about ± 2% , or even higher.

Pressure Sensor what common faults

Pressure Sensor Troubleshooting What ? Matter what sensor is not a permanent shelf life for its failure, we want to treat , here to talk about the pressure sensor of the common faults .1, the pressure up , the transmitter output falters
In such cases, you should first check the pressure connections for leaks or is blocked, if confirmation is not , check the wiring and check the power supply , such as the power supply is normal to see whether the output is a simple pressure change , or view the output of the sensor if there is zero , if there is no change in the sensor is damaged , it may be damage to the instrument or other aspects of the whole system problems ;2, the pressure sensor seal problems
Pressure transmitter output does not change, then a sudden change in pressure transmitter output , the transmitter zero relief go back , most likely the pressure sensor gasket issue. Common reason is due to seal specifications , tighten the sensor to Engine Water Temperature Sensor after the sealing ring is compressed impulse blockage sensors inside the mouth , the pressure medium is pressurized get in, but when the pressure suddenly rushed to open the seals, the pressure sensor under pressure changed. The best way to troubleshoot is to remove the sensor , a direct look at the zero level is normal , if normal replaceable seals zero again ;3 , the transmitter output signal instability
Such failures are willing to question the source of stress . Pressure source itself is an unstable pressure , most likely meter or pressure sensor anti-jamming capability is not strong , Engine Temperature Sensor itself is very powerful and vibration sensor failure ;4, the transmitter and the gauge pointer control large deviationDeviation is a normal phenomenon , can confirm the normal range of deviation ; final failure is prone to micro- differential pressure transmitter installation location of the zero output. Differential Pressure Transmitter measuring range due to its small transmitter sensing element will affect the micro- differential pressure transmitter output. Pressure transmitter should be installed so sensitive axially perpendicular to the direction of gravity , adjusted after mounting the transmitter to the standard value of zero .The content is the commonly used four common pressure sensor failure, we normally use pressure sensors are made ​​of piezoelectric effect , so that the pressure sensor is also commonly referred to as piezoelectric sensors .

Role of Sensors

China's industrial production gradually become automated, intelligent is a developing trend , in the final analysis , are inseparable from the sensor 's credit, particularly in the application process, the effect is significant , can not be ignored .With the arrival of the new technological revolution , the world has begun to enter the information age . In the use of information in the process, we must first solve is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and the sensor is to obtain information in the field of natural and produced major ways and means . Industrial production , especially in the modern automated production process, use a variety of Auto Temperature Sensorto monitor and control the various parameters of the production process , so that the device operates in the normal state or the best condition , and to achieve the best quality products . Therefore we can say , without a large number of excellent sensors, modern production loses its foundation.Interdisciplinary research in basic , Crankshaft Sensors is more prominent position. The development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example, at the macro level to observe the vast universe of thousands of light years , to observe microscopically small particles fm world longitudinally to observe celestial bodies tens of years of evolution , a short moment to s reaction . In addition , there was deepening understanding of substance , to develop new energy, new materials play an important role in a variety of extreme technical studies, such as ultra-high temperature , ultra-low temperature , high pressure , ultra-high vacuum , powerful magnetic field , ultra- weak magnetic field and so on. Obviously, to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information , there is no compatible sensors is impossible. Many barriers to basic scientific research , the first is that there are difficulties to obtain information about the object , and some new mechanism and high-sensitivity detection sensor appears often lead to a breakthrough in the field . Some development of sensors , often it is a pioneer in the development of interdisciplinary . Sensors already penetrated into such as industrial production, space development , ocean exploration , environmental protection, resource surveys , medical diagnostics , biotechnology, and even conservation areas of the pan so extremely . It is no exaggeration to say that from the vast space , to the vastness of the ocean , as well as a variety of complex engineering systems , almost every one modernization project , are inseparable from a variety of sensors. Thus, the sensor technology in economic development , and promote the important role of social progress , it is very obvious . Countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this area . I believe in the near future , there will be a leap in sensor technology , to achieve an important role commensurate with its new level .

Role of Sensors

China's industrial production gradually become automated, intelligent is a developing trend , in the final analysis , are inseparable from the sensor 's credit, particularly in the application process, the effect is significant , can not be ignored .With the arrival of the new technological revolution , the world has begun to enter the information age . In the use of information in the process, we must first solve is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and the sensor is to obtain information in the field of natural and produced major ways and means . Industrial production , especially in the modern automated production process, use a variety of sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of the production process , so that the device operates in the normal state or the best condition , and to achieve the best quality products . Therefore we can say , without a large number of excellent sensors, modern production loses its foundation.Interdisciplinary research in basic , the sensor is more prominent position. The development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example, at the macro level to observe the vast universe of thousands of light years , to observe microscopically small particles fm world longitudinally to observe celestial bodies tens of years of evolution , a short moment to s reaction . In addition , there was deepening understanding of substance , to develop new energy, new materials play an important role in a variety of extreme technical studies, such as ultra-high temperature , ultra-low temperature , high pressure , ultra-high vacuum , powerful magnetic field , ultra- weak magnetic field and so on. Obviously, to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information , there is no compatible sensors is impossible. Many barriers to basic scientific research , the first is that there are difficulties to obtain information about the object , and some new mechanism and high-sensitivity detection Crank Position Sensor appears often lead to a breakthrough in the field . Some development of sensors , often it is a pioneer in the development of interdisciplinary . Sensors already penetrated into such as industrial production, space development , ocean exploration , environmental protection, resource surveys , medical diagnostics , biotechnology, and even conservation areas of the pan so extremely . It is no exaggeration to say that from the vast space , to the vastness of the ocean , as well as a variety of complex engineering systems , almost every one modernization project , are inseparable from a variety of Crankshaft Sensor. Thus, the sensor technology in economic development , and promote the important role of social progress , it is very obvious . Countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this area . I believe in the near future , there will be a leap in sensor technology , to achieve an important role commensurate with its new level .

The chassis control with a sensor

The chassis control with a sensor1) Transmission: a vehicle speed sensor, temperature sensor, shaft speed sensors, pressure sensors, the direction is a rotation angle sensor, torque sensors, pressure sensor;2) Suspension: a vehicle speed sensor, acceleration sensor, a vehicle height sensor, roll angle sensors, angle sensors, etc.;3) ABS: a wheel speed sensor.3, the body of the sensor and safety performance is closely related to the main airbag sensors, side anti-collision sensors, distance Automobile sensors.4, sensor lighting and electrical systems are mainly light detection sensor, rain flow sensor, air temperature Auto Temperature Sensor, seat position sensors. In addition, the car's chassis control, vehicle location / position, object detection, visual reinforcement, automotive environment heating, ventilation, air conditioning as well as engine and transmission control, automatically adjust the driver's seat, driver's seat automatically adjusts electronically controlled fuel injection injection, emissions , anti-lock braking systems, electronic automatic headlight control brightness control, etc. rely anti multicolored sensor information.

Auto industry

Modern limousine electronic level control system is the key to the number of sensors used and the level of an ordinary family car is currently installed on approximately tens to hundreds of sensors only , and luxury cars on the number of sensors can be up to two hundred only , usually more than 30 kinds of species , as many as up to one hundred kinds .1, with the electronically controlled fuel injection jet engine sensor1 ) Intake air pressure sensor : reflecting the intake manifold absolute pressure changes in the size , is the ECU ( engine control unit ) provides injection duration calculation reference signal ; sedans are measured using the pressure sensor . Now widely used in the semiconductor varistor inlet air pressure sensor .2 ) Air flow sensors: measurement of engine intake air quantity supplied to the electronic control unit (ECU) as a reference signal for the fuel injection time ; under different measuring principle , rotor blades can be divided into air flow sensor ( TOYOTA PREVIA Wagon ) , Karman vortex air flow sensor trips ( Toyota Lexus LS400 sedan ) , hot air flow sensor ( hot-film air flow sensor and the four types . former two types of volume flow , mass flow rate of the latter two types present the main using hot air flow sensor and two kinds of hot-film air flow sensor .3 ) Throttle Position Sensor : measuring throttle valve opening angle , off the oil supplied to the ECU as the control of fuel / air ratio , ignition advance angle correction of the reference signal ; It has three types : switch contact type throttle position sensor , linear variable resistive throttle position sensor, throttle position sensor integrated .4 ) crank angle sensor : also called crankshaft position Engine Water Temperature Sensorfor detecting the crankshaft and engine speed , to provide to the ECU for determining the working order of the ignition timing and a reference signal ; There are three types : electromagnetic pulse crankshaft position sensor , Hall -effect crankshaft position Engine Position Sensor, photoelectric effect crankshaft position sensor . Crankshaft position sensor is different, its control method and control accuracy are also different. Crankshaft position sensor generally mounted on the crankshaft pulley or sprocket side , some mounted in front of the camshaft , and some are mounted on the distributor 5 ) oxygen sensor : detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas supplied to the ECU as a control of fuel / air ratio in the optimum value ( theoretical value ) near a reference signal ;6) The intake air temperature Motor Position Sensor : detects intake air temperature , provided to the ECU as a basis to calculate the air density ;7 ) Temperature sensor : detects coolant temperature , engine temperature, provide the information to the ECU ;
8 ) Knock Sensor: mounted in the cylinder test engine specialized deflagration situation, providing a signal to the ECU to adjust ignition timing based .
9 ) the knock sensor : installed in the engine block , ready to monitor engine knock situation . There are currently used in resonant and non- resonant two categories.

Describes several typical automotive sensors

As technology continues to progress , social development, people's lives car will also be an indispensable means of transport. Automotive Sensor is a prerequisite to ensure normal driving , allowing the engine in the best working condition. Vehicle speed , a variety of medium temperature, the engine operating conditions can be converted into electrical signals so lost car controller . In the past, used in automotive Crankshaft Position Sensor on the engine alone , has now been extended to the site , and the lighting body electrical system , in particular including measuring temperature, pressure , flow , position, gas concentration , speed, light intensity , humidity , distance , etc. automotive sensors .

The vehicle speed sensor

Traditional mechanical speedometer , which connect a flexible shaft , flexible shaft has a wire rope , the other end is connected to the transmission shaft one gear , the gear driven rotary rotating wire rope , wire rope driven speedometer cover a circle rotating the magnet ,Engine Temperature Sensors cover ring and by the pointer spring coupled into the pointer to zero, rotation speed of the magnet field lines due to the change in size , the balance is broken , the pointer is therefore driven .In modern automotive field , using more electronic tachometer , with pointer and LCD digital display , the table has a digital integrated circuit , it will convey the ignition coil voltage pulse has been calculated over the rear drive or digital display pointer moves .Another tachometer pulse signal is obtained from the generator to the tachometer speed value is displayed after the circuit , but due to the alternator belt slippage and other factors , the value is not accurate .

The difference between the transmitter and the sensor are as follows

The difference between the transmitter and the sensor are as follows:As technology advances , some technology has changed the meaning of words , so often misunderstood . Sensor is one such example . It is now that the sensor is made of two parts , which are sensitive element and a conversion element . Wherein the sensing element is a sensor to directly feel or response is being measured ; conversion element of the sensor is sensitive element feeling or response will be measured converted into an electrical signal suitable for transmission or measured section. Since Engine Water Temperature Sensor output signals are generally very weak, it needs to be modulated and amplified . With the integration of technology, people turn this part of the circuit and the power supply circuit is also packed together inside Cooling Temp Sensor . Thus, the sensor can be output to facilitate processing, transmission of the signals available . The technology is relatively backward in the past , the so-called Motor Position Sensor is above the sensitive components, while the transmitter is above the conversion element . Many different types of transmitters , used in industrial instrumentation at the main transmitter temperature transmitter , pressure transmitter, flow transmitter, current transducer , voltage transducer so properly handle mechanical and electrical relationship . Many production machinery is the use of mechanical and electrical integration control method to achieve control requirements , from technical requirements, manufacturing costs, structural complexity , easy maintenance , etc. to handle the relationship between coordination ; , correct and reasonable selection of electrical components ; ensure safe and reliable ; , manufacture beautiful, easy maintenance.

Pressure sensors and transmitters differences and introduce

Pressure sensors are usually refers specifically to a non-standard signal output mV component level products, is the core component of the pressure transmitter , the signal is non-standard , users Engine Coolant Temp Sensor need to be designed specifically for pressure calibration and signal processing circuit ; Due to weak signals , long distance increases the need for the amplifier ; pressure transmitter is written from the sense, also the pressure sensor , but the output signal as the standard common signal , such as 4 ~ 20mA, 1 ~ 5V , etc., can long-distance transmission , and with the standard instrumentation package . While its pressure value has been calibrated , the user simply by setting range of the instrument can be used .

Taking into account all the factors , such as sensor type and application conditions , you should follow the recommended calibration method

Taking into account all the factors , such as sensor type and application conditions , you should follow the recommended calibration method :According to the operator 's judgment, the gas sensor is surrounded by the fresh gas , no abnormal condition exists , this time , the meter indicates near zero (reading ) , the zero setting procedure can be skipped. When in doubt , use a plastic bag around Engine Coolant Temp Sensor to get some considered to be " fresh " air. This is a very quick and easy process . This method for the difference between true and false alarm warning is very effective . There is an advantage that the compressed air , the gas in the bottle is easy to control and easy to carry . The device is easy and convenient to get air . Such a small amount of air in the meaning of hydrogen and nitrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide and some other interfering gases . However , this gas is characterized by low humidity , the solution used in the sampling system with activated carbon filters are used to filter out unwanted wet gas in the gas and water vapor. After this process , we can use the gas for various types of Ect Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor calibration . However, it should be noted that carbon monoxide gas and not through a filter with activated carbon and filtered . Therefore, the rule states: cylinders of carbon monoxide gas with the surrounding environment must be the same content . In addition , the use of soda ash filter can filter out carbon monoxide. Since the sampling system using soda ash pipeline filters can filter out carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide sensor so this method is a good way for zero setting , it is easy to obtain basic 0:00 . Although synthetic gas is usually very pure , but it is not used solid-state sensors and photoionization detectors, because such sensors require the gas sample contains some water vapor. A simple way to solve this problem is to use the sampling system pipeline damp tissue paper . Its role is to make the wet stream sample , the sensor has sufficient water vapor. Another option of using NAFION tube .

Gas sensor zero setting method

Defines the zero gas without defined criteria . Many analytical procedures , including some specific analytical processes such as EPA Method , use or pure nitrogen gas to create artificial zero . This is because such Bottled nitrogen gas is easily obtained and man . For this reason , it is generally considered to use bottled gas is nitrogen and artificial Cooling Temp Sensor zero setting a good way . This method is not very accurate. Usually air , in addition to containing nitrogen and oxygen , but also contains trace amounts of other gases . Similarly, the ambient air contains a small percentage of water vapor . Therefore, assuming that the region of the air is clean , the use of ambient air as a gas Positioning Sensor having a realistic and practical zero . This reference point varies depending created . Therefore, the region is a good reference point sensor , always think fresh air in the region , such as an office area . This will give a more realistic zero , because it represents the installation conditions of the ambient air . The lack of water vapor may cause the sensor to set the zero point figure is lower than the number of zeros surrounding air both zero drift. This is the solid-state sensors and photoionization detectors used noteworthy . The method of calibration .

The better the accuracy of the sensor

Sensor accuracy is to determine its characteristics and an important indicator of the accuracy can say is related to the entire measurement system accuracy , timeliness is an important part. Therefore, the accuracy of Crankshaft Sensor Replacement is also an important aspect we can not ignore . However, the accuracy of the sensor to be sure to choose only high okay ? Technology for sensor applications, the higher the accuracy of the product often means higher prices. Is it only the high-priced to be able to guarantee that we need to measure it ? Or, for our needs , how should we hold ? Actually, if we measure the demand is relatively constant , we only need to choose a relatively inexpensive , repeatability more Engine Position Sensor can be high , but not necessarily to use more expensive high-end products . Of course, If we are to quantitative analysis , or has a higher measurement needs , then we must use more precise sensors to meet our application . Therefore, seize our measurement needs in order to let us choose a sensor more focused, more cost , more cost-effective

The higher the better sensitivity of the sensor

We have the impression , high sensitivity values ​​tend to have higher mean work results . However, for sensors, such reference index is also correct? Technically speaking, only the higher the sensitivity of the sensor holder , and the change in the measured value of the signal corresponding to the output will be even greater , thus more conducive signal processing. Therefore, from this perspective, the higher the better sensitivity of Coolant Temperature Sensor is no problem . However, we can not ignore another question : With the improved sensitivity of Position Sensor and the object to be measured more unrelated conditions will be introduced , and with improved sensitivity while constantly being enlarged . This results in the final then he will bring a lot of accurate measurement of the reaction . Therefore, the high sensitivity of the sensor is definitely a concern , but we need not blindly chasing the high regard and, for the sensors , they are having a directional sensitivity . When measuring the amount of a one-way , and it has a high directivity of the requirements , we are no other wears a smaller sensitivity of the sensor. And when being measured is multidimensional vector , we will need to focus on selected cross-sensitivity small sensing devices . Thus, the sensitivity of the sensor is not necessarily better.